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Sunday, July 13, 2008

God..

Gurucharanam Saranam

Dear ,

GOD with us, Always.

How we can know that GOD is with us?
How we feel that GOD is with us?
How we can see GOD?

GOD is a reality that beyond imagination. GOD is the supreme force, power and love. GOD is truth.

GOD love us all. GOD is unlimited, unthinkable and describable. GOD is the MASTER of all and everything in the Universe.

GOD eliminates all bad and evils from the world from time to time and always. GOD directs us to truth, love, peace,goodness etc...

GOD lives everywhere. GOD sees everything. GOD knows every doing.

GOD is our Father, Mother, Master, Friend, Relative, Owner, Lover and everything.

GOD knows our past, present and future and everything's.

With Prayer,
Dinadevan

Health

Gurucharanam Saranam

Dear

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

2 things are:

1. Physical fitness is good bodily health, and is the result of regular exercise, proper diet and nutrition, and proper rest for physical recovery.

2. Mental health refers to a human individual's emotional and psychological well-being. Merriam-Webster defines mental health as "A state of emotional and psychological well-being in which an individual is able to use his or her cognitive and emotional capabilities, function in society, and meet the ordinary demands of everyday life."

Health maintenance:



Achieving health and remaining healthy is an active process. Effective strategies for staying healthy and improving one's health include the following elements:

1. Nutrition



The updated USDA food pyramid, published in 2005, is a general nutrition guide for recommended food consumption.
The updated USDA food pyramid, published in 2005, is a general nutrition guide for recommended food consumption.

Nutrition is the science that studies how what people eat affects their health and performance, such as foods or food components that cause diseases or deteriorate health (such as eating too many calories, which is a major contributing factor to obesity, diabetes, and heart disease). The field of nutrition also studies foods and dietary supplements that improve performance, promote health, and cure or prevent disease, such as eating fibrous foods to reduce the risk of colon cancer, or supplementing with vitamin C to strengthen teeth and gums and to improve the immune system.

2. Sports nutrition


Sports nutrition focuses on how food and dietary supplements affect athletic performance (during events), improvement (from training), and recovery (after events and training). One goal of sports nutrition is to maintain glycogen levels and prevent glycogen depletion. Another is to optimize energy levels and muscle tone. An athlete's strategy for winning an event may include a schedule for the entire season of what to eat, when to eat it, and in what precise quantities (before, during, after, and between workouts and events). Participants in endurance sports such as the full-distance triathlon actually eat during their races. Sports nutrition works hand-in-hand with sports medicine.

3. Exercise



Exercise is the performance of movements in order to develop or maintain physical fitness and overall health. It is often directed toward also honing athletic ability or skill. Frequent and regular physical exercise is an important component in the prevention of some of the diseases of affluence such as cancer, heart disease, cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, obesity and back pain.

Exercises are generally grouped into three types depending on the overall effect they have on the human body:

* Flexibility exercises such as stretching improve the range of motion of muscles and joints.
* Aerobic exercises such as walking and running focus on increasing cardiovascular endurance and muscle density.
* Anaerobic exercises such as weight training or sprinting increase muscle mass and strength.

Physical exercise is considered important for maintaining physical fitness including healthy weight; building and maintaining healthy bones, muscles, and joints; promoting physiological well-being; reducing surgical risks; and strengthening the immune system.

4. Hygiene



Hygiene is the practice of keeping the body clean to prevent infection and illness, and the avoidance of contact with infectious agents. Hygiene practices include bathing, brushing and flossing teeth, washing hands especially before eating, washing food before it is eaten, cleaning food preparation utensils and surfaces before and after preparing meals, and many others. This may help prevent infection and illness. By cleaning the body, dead skin cells are washed away with the germs, reducing their chance of entering the body.

5. Stress management



Prolonged psychological stress may negatively impact health, such as by weakening the immune system. See negative effects of the fight-or-flight response. Stress management is the application of methods to either reduce stress or increase tolerance to stress. Certain nootropics do both. Exercising to improve physical fitness, especially cardiovascular fitness, boosts the immune system and increases stress tolerance. Relaxation techniques are physical methods used to relieve stress. Examples include sexual intercourse, progressive relaxation, and fractional relaxation. Psychological methods include cognitive therapy, meditation, and positive thinking which work by reducing response to stress. Improving relevant skills and abilities builds confidence, which also reduces the stress reaction to situations where those skills are applicable. Reducing uncertainty, by increasing knowledge and experience related to stress-causing situations, has the same effect. Learning to cope with problems better, such as improving problem solving and time management skills, may also reduce stressful reaction to problems. Repeatedly facing an object of one's fears may also desensitize the fight-or-flight response with respect to that stimulus -- e.g., facing bullies may reduce fear of bullies.

6. Health care


Health care is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well being through the services offered by the medical, nursing, and allied health professions. According to the World Health Organization, health care embraces all the goods and services designed to promote health, including “preventive, curative and palliative interventions, whether directed to individuals or to populations”.[5] The organized provision of such services may constitute a health care system. This can include a specific governmental organization such as the National Health Service in the UK, or a cooperation across the National Health Service and Social Services as in Shared Care.

7. Workplace wellness programs



Workplace wellness programs are recognized by an increasingly large number of companies for their value in improving the health and well-being of their employees, and for increasing morale, loyalty, and productivity. Workplace wellness programs can include things like on site fitness centers, health presentations, wellness newsletters, access to health coaching, tobacco cessation programs and training related to nutrition, weight and stress management. Other programs may include health risk assessments, health screenings and body mass index monitoring. Mostly overseen or not mentioned is a group of determinants of health which could be called coincidence, hazard, luck or bad luck. These factors are quite important determinants of health but difficult to calculate.

8. Public health



Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals." It is concerned with threats to the overall health of a community based on population health analysis. The population in question can be as small as a handful of people or as large as all the inhabitants of several continents (for instance, in the case of a pandemic). Public health has many sub-fields, but is typically divided into the categories of epidemiology, bio statistics and health services. Environmental, social and behavioral health, and occupational health, are also important fields in public health.

The focus of public health intervention is to prevent rather than treat a disease through surveillance of cases and the promotion of healthy behaviors. In addition to these activities, in many cases treating a disease can be vital to preventing it in others, such as during an outbreak of an infectious disease. Vaccination programs and distribution of condoms are examples of public health measures.


*$$$ Role of science in health


Health science is the branch of science focused on health, and it includes many sub disciplines. There are two approaches to health science: the study and research of the human body and health-related issues to understand how humans (and animals) function, and the application of that knowledge to improve health and to prevent and cure diseases.

Where health knowledge comes from

Health research builds primarily on the basic sciences of biology, chemistry, and physics as well as a variety of multidisciplinary fields (for example medical sociology). Some of the other primarily research-oriented fields that make exceptionally significant contributions to health science are biochemistry, epidemiology, and genetics.

Putting health knowledge to use

Applied health sciences also endeavor to better understand health, but in addition they try to directly improve it. Some of these are: biomedical engineering, biotechnology, nursing, nutrition, pharmacology, pharmacy, public health (see below), psychology, physical therapy, and medicine. The provision of services to maintain or improve people's health is referred to as health care.

From
Dinadevan
With Love
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Films ...

Gurucharanam Saranam

Hitter
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
Forbidden Kingdom
Indian
Muthalvan
Enter the NEW dragon
Super Man 5
Harry Potter
Black Mask

Books i liked...

Gurucharanam Saranam

Websites !!!

Gurucharanam Saranam

I liked:
Forbidden Kingdom
Harry Potter
I-mate
HTC

System...

Gurucharanam Saranam

System, where we needed:
System, what is it for.
System, how to make it work.
System, without system.
System, beyond system.

Will be soon...

Karmam !!!

Gurucharanam Saranam

Karamam: Work is Worship.

Poem 3...

Gurucharanam Saranam

World...

Poem 2...

Gurucharanam Saranam

Love...

Martial Arts..

Gurucharanam Saranam

Martial art is for good health, rhythm, speed, power,precision, etc..
I liked:

Tai Chi:Tai chi chuan (traditional Chinese; simplified Chinese: pinyin: tài jí quán; Wade-Giles: t'ai4 chi2 ch'üan2) is classified as Wudangquan or an internal Chinese martial art. Tai chi is typically practised for a variety of reasons: its soft martial techniques, demonstration competitions, health and longevity. Consequently, a multitude of training forms exist, both traditional and modern, which correspond to those aims. Some of tai chi chuan's training forms are well known to Westerners as the slow motion routines that groups of people practice together every morning in parks around the world, particularly in China.

Today, tai chi has spread worldwide. Most modern styles of tai chi trace their development to at least one of the five traditional schools: Chen, Yang, Wu/Hao, Wu and Sun. The origins and creation of tai chi is a subject of much argument and speculation. However, the oldest documented tradition is that of the Chen family from the 1820s.[1][2]

The Mandarin term "t'ai chi ch'uan" literally translates as "supreme ultimate fist", "boundless fist," or "great extremes boxing". The concept of the "supreme ultimate" appears in both Taoist and Confucian Chinese philosophy where it represents the fusion or mother[3] of Yin and Yang into a single ultimate represented by the Taijitu symbol. Thus, tai chi theory and practice evolved in agreement with many of the principles of Chinese philosophy including both Taoism and Confucianism. Tai chi training first and foremost involves learning solo routines, known as forms (taolu). While the image of tai chi chuan in popular culture is typified by exceedingly slow movement, many tai chi styles (including the three most popular, Yang, Wu and Chen) have secondary forms of a faster pace. Some traditional schools of tai chi teach partner exercises known as pushing hands, and martial applications of the postures of the form.

There are five major styles of tai chi chuan, each named after the Chinese family from which it originated:

* Chen style (
* Yang style (
* Wu or Wu/Hao style of Wu Yu-hsiang (Wu Yuxiang) (
* Wu style of Wu Ch'uan-yü (Wu Quanyuo) and Wu Chien-ch'uan (Wu Jianquan) (
* Sun style (

The order of verifiable age is as listed above. The order of popularity (in terms of number of practitioners) is Yang, Wu, Chen, Sun, and Wu/Hao.[4] The first five major family styles share much underlying theory, but differ in their approaches to training.

There are now dozens of new styles, hybrid styles and offshoots of the main styles,

Modern tai chi
Outdoor practice in Beijing's Temple of Heaven.
Outdoor practice in Beijing's Temple of Heaven.

Tai chi classes have become popular in hospitals, clinics, community and senior centers in the last twenty years or so, as baby boomers age and the art's reputation as a low stress training for seniors became more well-known.[15][16] As a result of this popularity, there has been some divergence between those who say they practice tai chi primarily for self-defense, those who practice it for its aesthetic appeal (see wushu below), and those who are more interested in its benefits to physical and mental health.

Health benefits
Tai chi is promoted as a method for the elderly or infirm to reclaim the natural vigor of youth.
Tai chi is promoted as a method for the elderly or infirm to reclaim the natural vigor of youth.

Before tai chi's introduction to Western students, the health benefits of tai chi chuan were largely explained through the lens of traditional Chinese medicine, which is based on a view of the body and healing mechanisms not always studied or supported by modern science. Today, some prominent tai chi teachers have advocated subjecting tai chi to rigorous scientific studies to gain acceptance in the West.[19] Researchers have found that long-term tai chi practice shows some favorable but statistically insignificant effects on the promotion of balance control, flexibility and cardiovascular fitness and reduced the risk of falls in elderly patients.[20] The studies also show some reduced pain, stress and anxiety in healthy subjects. Other studies have indicated improved cardiovascular and respiratory function in healthy subjects as well as those who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery. Patients that suffer from heart failure, high blood pressure, heart attacks, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's may also benefit from tai chi.

Tai chi chuan in fiction

Tai chi and neijia in general play a large role in many wuxia novels, films, and television series; among which are Yuen Wo Ping's Tai Chi Master starring Jet Li, and the popular Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. A movie that features a traditional tai chi chuan teacher as the lead character is Pushing Hands, Ang Lee's first western film. It is also used as the basis for fictional "Waterbending" in Avatar the Last Airbender. Internal concepts may even be the subject of parody, such as in Shaolin Soccer and Kung Fu Hustle. Fictional portrayals often refer to Zhang Sanfeng and the Taoist monasteries on Wudangshan.



2. Wushu:Wushu, also known as modern wushu or contemporary wushu, is both an exhibition and a full-contact sport derived from traditional Chinese martial arts. It was created in the People's Republic of China after 1949, in an attempt to nationalize the practice of traditional Chinese martial arts.[
History

In 1958, the government established the All-China Wushu Association as an umbrella organization to regulate martial arts training. The Chinese State Commission for Physical Culture and Sports took the lead in creating standardized forms for most of the major arts.

Events
A Jian dual event (choreographed)
A Jian dual event (choreographed)

* Barehanded
o Changquan (Long Fist)
o Nanquan (Southern Fist)
o Taijiquan (Taiji Fist)

* Short Weapons
o Dao (single-edged sword)
o Jian (double-edged sword)
o Taijijian (Taiji double-edged sword)
oNandao (Southern single-edged sword)

* Long Weapons
o Gun (Staff)
o Qiang (Spear)
o Nangun (Southern Staff)

Most events were first set up in 1958.

These events are performed using compulsory or individual routines in competition.

Main Events

Changquan refers to long-range extended wushu styles like Chaquan , Huaquan ), Hongquan ; "flood fist"), and Shaolinquan , but this wushu form is a modernized style derived from movements of these and other traditional styles. Changquan is the most widely-seen of the wushu forms, and includes whirling, running, leaping, and acrobatics. Changquan is difficult to perform, requiring great flexibility and athleticism, and is often practised from a young age.

Nanquan refers to wushu styles originating in south China (i.e., south of the Yangtze River, including Hongjiaquan , Cailifoquan, and Yongchunquan . Many are known for vigorous, athletic movements with very stable, low stances and intricate hand movements. This wushu form is a modern style derived from movements of these and other traditional southern styles. Nanquan typically requires less flexibility and has fewer acrobatics than Changquan, but it also requires greater leg stability and power generation through leg and hip coordination. This event was created in 1960.

Taijiquan is a wushu style famous for slow, relaxed movements, and often seen as an exercise method for the elderly. This wushu form is a modern recompilation based on the Yang style of Taijiquan, but also including movements of the Chen , Wu , Wu , and Sun styles.

Dao refers to any curved, one-sided sword/blade, but this wushu form is a Changquan method of using a medium-sized willow-leaf-shaped dao .

Jian refers to any double-edged straight sword/blade, but this wushu form is a Changquan method of using the jian.

Gun refers to a long staff (wooden, not made of bamboo as it will split) as tall as the wrist of a person standing with his/her arms stretched upwards, but this wushu form is a Changquan method of using the gun.

Qiang refers to a flexible spear with red hair attached to the spearhead, but this wushu form is a Changquan method of using the qiang.

Taijijian is an event using the jian based on traditional Taijiquan jian methods.

Nandao is a weapon that appears to be based on the butterfly swords of Yongchunquan, but has been lengthened and changed so that only one is used (as opposed to a pair). This event is a Nanquan method, and was created in 1992.

Nangun is a Nanquan method of using the gun (Chinese word meaning staff, not to be confused with handgun). This event was created in 1992.

Among these, the more commonly seen routines include:

* Baguazhang ) - Eight-Trigrams Palm
* Bajiquan - Eight Extremes Fist/Boxing
* Chaquan - Cha Fist/Boxing
* Chuojiao - Poking Feet
* Ditangquan - Ground-Prone Fist/Boxing
* Fanziquan - Overturning Fist/Boxing
* Houquan - Monkey Fist/Boxing
* Huaquan - Hua Fist/Boxing
* Paochui - Cannon Punch
* Piguaquan - Chop-Hitch Fist/Boxing
* Shequan - Snake Fist/Boxing
* Taijiquan () - Supreme Ultimate Fist/Boxing
* Tantui )- Spring Leg
* Tanglanghushi - Praying Mantis and Tiger Style
* Tanglanquan - Praying Mantis Fist/Boxing
* Tongbeiquan - Through-the-Back Fist/Boxing
* Wing Chun (Yongchunquan) - Eternal Spring
* Xingyiquan - Shape-Intent Fist/Boxing
* Yingzhaoquan - Eagle Claw Fist/Boxing
* Zuiquan - Drunken Fist/Boxing

Similarly, there is also a traditional weapons category, which often includes the following:

* Changsuijian - Long-Tasseled Sword
* Shuangshoujian - Two-Handed Sword
* Jiujiebian - Nine Section Whip
* Sanjiegun - Three Section Staff
* Shengbiao - Rope Dart
* Dadao - Great Sword
* Pudao - Pu Sword
* Emeici - Emei Daggers
* Shuangdao - Double Broadsword
* Shuangjian ( - Double Sword
* Shuangbian - Double Nine Section Whips
* Shuanggou - Double Hooksword
Competitions

List of major international and regional competitions featuring wushu:

* World Wushu Championships
* World Junior Wushu Championships
* Asian Games
* National Games of the People's Republic of China
* East Asian Games
* Southeast Asian Games
* European Wushu Championships, organised by the European Wushu Federation

[edit] Notable practitioners

For Sanda competitors, see the article on Sanshou.

* Jet Li - possibly the most famous wushu practitioner in the world. He started wushu as a competition sport and gained fame as he took the National Wushu Champion of China title five times as an original member of the Beijing Wushu Team, he was later selected to demonstrate his wushu on the silver screen in the worldwide hit film Shaolin Temple. Many of his old teammates have also appeared on-screen with him, especially in his older movies.
* Wu Jing - Chinese actor who was sent to the Beijing Sports Institute at Shichahai in Beijing when he was 6 years old. Like Jet Li he competed as a member of the Beijing Wushu Team in national level wushu competitions in China. Both his father and grandfather were also martial artists [7]
* Ray Park - Showcased his skills in wushu in several major films, including his portrayal of Darth Maul in 1999's Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace, as well as Toad in the film X-Men (2000) and as stunt-double for Robin Shou and James Remar in Mortal Kombat: Annihilation. He also heavily retrained prior to filming G.I. Joe., in which he will portray the martial arts expert Snake-Eyes.
* Voice actor Yuri Lowenthal is a practitioner of Wu Shu.

[edit] Wushu as an Olympic event

The IWUF placed a bid to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to have wushu included in future Olympic Games, but so far did not meet with success. However, the IOC has allowed China to organize an international wushu event during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, but this event is not one of the 28 official Olympic sports, nor is it a demonstration event. Instead, it will be called the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games Wushu Tournament. [8]

3. Kalari: Kalaripayattu is the oldest existing martial art form, dating back more than 2000 years and said to be the forerunner of popularly known Chinese martial arts, as the Buddhist monk Bodhidharma took this knowledge from India to China.

The practice of Kalaripayattu is said to originate from the Dhanur Vedic texts encompassing all fighting arts and described by the Vishnu Purana as one of the eighteen traditional branches of knowledge. Kalaris are the schools where training in this martial art form is imparted by Gurukals or masters.

This martial art form is indigenous to the Southern Indian state of Kerala which, legend has it, was created by the warrior saint Parasurama, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu, by throwing his axe into the sea which receded till the point where it fell. Parasurama then established forty-two kalaris and taught twenty-one masters of these kalaris to protect the land he created.

Kalaripayattu is a traditional psycho-physiological discipline emanating from Kerala's unique mytho-historical heritage as well as a scientific system of physical culture training. The historical antecedents of this martial art form combines indigenous Dravidian systems of martial practice such as 'varma ati' or 'marma adi' with an influence of Aryan brahman culture which migrated southwards down the west coast of India into Kerala. There are two distinct traditions in Kalaripayattu-the Northern and the Southern schools.

In the Northern tradition the emphasis is laid on progressing from body exercises to combat with weapons and last of all to unarmed combat. In the Southern tradition the patron saint of Kalaripayattu is the sage Agastya whose strength and and powers of meditation are legendary. It is said that when the Lord Shiva married the Goddess Parvati at Kailasa in the North, all gods and goddesses went to attend the wedding and with this shift in weight the world tilted, so much so, that Agastya was sent to the South to restore the balance.

Lord Rama, legend has it, was mentored by Agastya to acquire the weapons, which defeated the demon king Ravana. In the southern tradition the emphasis is primarily on footwork, movement and the ability to strike at vital points or 'marmas' in the opponents body of which 108 points are considered lethally vulnerable.


Kalarichikilsa
"Ayam me hasto bhagavan{ My hand is the lord }
Ayam me bhagavattarah{ Boundlessly blissful is my hand }
Ayam me visvabheshajah{ This hand holds all healing secrets }
Ayam shivabhimarshanah"{ Which make whole with its gentle touch }
---Rig Veda


Kalaripayattu and the ancient medical texts in the Dravidian and Sanskrit traditions share the concept of the 'vital spots' in the human body, which is made up of the Pancha Bhootas (five basic elements), air, water, earth, fire and ether. Prana (life energy) flows through the body channeled through marmas or vital points.

Attacking the vital spots caused the opponent to be stunned, disarmed or even killed and is essential to the highest stage of training given by Gurukals to their most accomplished students in the Kalari.

The earliest reference to vital points in combat is in the Rig Veda (1200 BC) where the Lord Indra slays a demon by attacking his marma with his divine weapon.

"Human is an immortal spirit encased in a perishable body so there should be points where spirit hinges matter which are called marmas or vital point"

Kalarichikilsa has its roots in the traditional Ayurveda and sidhaveda systems practiced in south India. Life is an expression of cosmic consciousness and the purpose of life is to realize and express the divinity in one's daily life.

Kalarichikilsa, the body of knowledge with which Gurukals treat and heal combat injuries by manipulating these vital points, is based on marma chikilsa with its roots in the oldest medical practice in the world known as Siddha medicine, which is embodied in ancient Dravidian texts attributed to the sage Agastya who occupies the same position as Hippocrates in modern western medicine.

Agastya identifies 108 vital points in the body and this knowledge is gained by the most exceptional students by dedicated study under their Masters for anywhere between 10 to 12 years by demonstrating great yogic ability and control of mind to avoid the remotest possibility of any misuse of such great powers.

Marma chikilsa, considered by many to be more effective than Ayurveda, employs medicinal oils and herbal preparations to treat a wide range of diseases through manipulation and massage techniques so sophisticated that they are unmatched even in this modern age.

This form of therapy is used to give the flexibility, agility and suppleness to Kalari students, to correct and cure orthopedic deformities and injuries and rheumatoid disorders.

Marma chikilsa is also a complete naturalistic healing system to rejuvenate the body by eliminating toxic imbalances to restore resistance and good health in the highly stressful environment of modern times.



4. Muai Thai: Muay Thai (IPA: /muɑɪ.tʰɑɪ/, pronounced [muāitʰāi]; Thai:) literally Thai Boxing and also known as The Art of the Eight Limbs is a form of hard martial art practiced in several Southeast Asian countries including Thailand. It is known as Pradal Serey in Cambodia, Tomoi in Malaysia, Muay Lao in Laos and a similar style called Lethwei in Burma. The different styles of kickboxing in Southeast Asia are analogous to the different types of Kung Fu in China or Silat in the Malay world. The Thai military uses a modified form of Muay Thai called Lerdrit.[1]

Muay Thai has a long history in Thailand and is the country's national sport.

History
Muaythai match in Bangkok,Thailand. Praying before the match.
Muaythai match in Bangkok,Thailand. Praying before the match.
Muaythai match in Bangkok,Thailand.
Muaythai match in Bangkok,Thailand.
A Thai boxer praying during the Wai Kru before match.
A Thai boxer praying during the Wai Kru before match.

Various forms of kickboxing have long been practiced throughout Southeast Asia. As with the most countries in the region, Thai culture is heavily influenced on ancient Khmer Empire, India, China and Buddhism. Muay Thai's origin in Thailand can be traced back to its ancestor Muay Boran ("ancient boxing"), an unarmed combat used by Siamese soldiers in conjunction with Krabi Krabong, the weapon-based style. Eventually Muay Boran was divided to:

* Muay Korat (Northeast) emphasized strength. A technique like "Throwing Buffalo Punch" was used. It could supposedly defeat a buffalo in one blow.

* Muay Lopburi (Center region) emphasized movements. Its strong points were straight and counter punches.

* Muay Chaiya (South) emphasized posture and defense, as well as elbows and knees.

* Muay Pra Nakorn (North) emphasized speed, particularly in kicking. Because of its faster speed, it was called as well "Ling Lom" (windy monkey or Loris).


Royal Muay

Muay gradually became a possible means of personal advancement as the nobility increasingly esteemed skillful practitioners of the art and invited selected fighters to come to live in the Royal palace to teach muay to the staff of the royal household, soldiers, princes or the king's personal guards.[citation needed] This "royal muay" was called muay luang .

The Muay Renaissance

The ascension of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) to the throne in 1868 ushered in a Golden Age not only for muay but for the whole country of Thailand. Muay progressed greatly during the reign of Rama V as a direct result of the king's personal interest in the art. The country was at peace and muay functioned as a means of physical exercise, self-defense, recreation, and personal advancement.

Legendary heroes

At the time of the fall of the ancient Siam capital of Ayutthaya in 1767, the invading Burmese troops rounded up a group of Thai residents and took them as prisoners. Among them were a large number of Thai boxers, who were taken by the Burmese to the city of Ungwa.

In 1774, in the Burmese city of Rangoon, the king of the Burmese,

The Tradition of Wai Khru

One of the most important traditions of Muay Thai is Wai Khru (Paying Respect to Teachers). In order to become a fully-fledged Muay Thai fighter, a person has to pass through a series of ceremonies. First comes the Initiation as a Trainee Fighter Ceremony (Kuen Khru), in which the khru muay accepts young fighters as his students and pledges to teach them to the best of his ability. After fighters have been accepted, they must demonstrate a good conduct, diligence and endurance, in addition to training as hard as they can, following implicitly all the teacher's rules.

Ritual Dance of Homage (Wai Khru Ram Muay)
"The Kneeling Sequence" Wai khru ram muay.
"The Kneeling Sequence" Wai khru ram muay.
"The Standing Sequence" Wai khru ram muay.
"The Standing Sequence" Wai khru ram muay.

Wai Khru Muay Thai is a tradition which goes back to ancient times, it is not an optional ritual or reserved for special occasions: the official Muay Thai regulations[1] specify that both fighters must perform the Wai Khru Ram Muay before each and every bout. It's a tradition in which fighters pay respect to their teachers, parents and things they hold sacred and pray for their safety and victory.

It can be divided into three main sections:

* The Royal Homage Sequence

This was originally intended to show devotion to the King, going back to the days when fighters were selected to display their skills in front of him. It has three subsections: Prostration, Outstretched Arms and Act of Homage.

* The Kneeling Sequence

This section is performed in a kneeling posture, one knee on the ground and the other leg out in front. the fighter pivots around on the spot to repeat the same sequence facing all four sides of the ring, a tradition which comes from Krabi Krabong.

* The Standing Sequence

In this section, the fighters go out from the center of the ring in one direction, to perform the Dramatic Interlude. Some fighters imitate the motions of "Rama Shooting an Arrow" from the Ramakien, a hunter, a soldier, or an executioner.

Muay Thai techniques

In its original form, Muay Thai consisted of an arsenal of nine weapons - the head, fists, elbows, knees and feet - known collectively as na-wa arwud. Although in modern Muay Thai, both amateur and professional, headbutting an opponent is no longer allowed. Muay Thai is unique in the way it uses all parts of the body, including the elbows and knees, for both training and competitions.[6]

Punching techniques (Chok)
English Thai Transliteration IPA
Straight punch Mud Trong mɑd troŋ
Hook Mud Wiang San mɑd wɪɑŋ sɑn
Swing Mud Wiang Yao mɑd wɪɑŋ jɑːo
Spinning backfist Mud Wiang Glub mɑd wɪɑŋ glɑb
Uppercut ) Mud Seuy mɑd sɣɪ
Cobra punch Kra-dod Chok grɑ doːd tʃog
Undercut Mud Hook mɑd hug

The punch techniques in Muay Thai were originally quite simple being crosses and a long (or lazy) circular strike made with a straight (but not locked) arm and landing with the heel of the palm. Cross-fertilization with Western boxing and western martial arts mean the full range of western boxing punches are now used (jab, straight right/cross, hook, uppercut, shovel and corkscrew punches plus overhand or bolo punches).


As a tactic, body punching is used less in Muay Thai than most other striking martial arts to avoid exposing the attacker's head to counter strikes from knees or elbows.

[edit] Elbow techniques (Tee sok)

The elbow can be used in seven ways: horizontal, diagonal-upwards, diagonal-downwards, uppercut, downward, backward-spinning and flying. From the side it can be used as either a finishing move or as a way to cut the opponent's eyebrow so that blood might block his vision. The blood also raises the opponent's awareness of being hurt which could affect his performance. This is the most common way of using the elbow. The diagonal elbows are faster than the other forms, but are less powerful. The uppercut and flying elbows are the most powerful, but are slower and easier to avoid or block. The downward elbow is usually used as a finishing move.
English Thai Transliteration IPA
Elbow Slash Sok Tee sɔ̀ːk tīː
Horizontal Elbow Sok Tud sɔ̀ːk tàd̥
Uppercut Elbow Sok Ngud sɔ̀ːk ŋád̥
Forward Elbow Thrust Sok Poong sɔ̀ːk pʰûŋ
Reverse Horizontal Elbow Sok Wiang Glub sɔ̀ːk wìːaŋ klàb̥
Spinning Elbow Sok Glub sɔ̀ːk klàb̥
Elbow Chop Sok Sub sɔ̀ːk sàb̥
Double Elbow Chop Sok Glub Koo
Mid-Air Elbow Strike Gra-dode Sok

There is also a distinct difference between a single elbow and a follow-up elbow. The single elbow is an elbow move independent from any other move, whereas a follow-up elbow is the second strike from the same arm, being a hook first with an elbow follow-up. Such elbows, and most other elbows, are used when the distance between fighters becomes too small and there is too little space to throw a hook at the opponent's head.

[edit] Kicking techniques (Teh)
Low kick
Low kick
English Thai Transliteration
Straight Kick Teh Trong
Roundhouse Kick Teh Tud
Diagonal Kick Teh Chiang
Half-Shin, Half-Knee Kick Teh Krueng Kheng Krueng Kao
Spinning Heel Kick Teh Glub Lang
Down Roundhouse Kick Teh Kod
Axe Heel Kick Teh Khao
Jump Kick ะ Gra-dode Teh
Step-Up Kick KhaYiep Teh

The two most common kicks in Muay Thai are known as the teep (literally "foot jab,"), and the Teh(kick)chiang (kicking upwards in the shape of a triangle cutting under the arm and ribs) or angle kick. The Muay Thai angle kick has been widely adopted by fighters from other martial arts. The angle kick uses a rotational movement of the entire body. The angle kick is superficially similar to a karate roundhouse kick, but omits the rotation of the lower leg from the knee used in other striking martial arts like Karate or Taekwondo. The angle kick draws its power entirely from the rotational movement of the body. Many Muay Thai fighters use a counter rotation of the arms to intensify the power of this kick.

If a round house kick is attempted by the opponent the Muay Thai fighter will normally block with his shin. Thai boxers are trained to always connect with the shin. While sensitive in an unconditioned practitioner, the shin is the strongest part of the leg for experienced Muay Thai fighters. The foot contains many fine bones and is much weaker. A fighter may end up hurting himself if he tries to strike with his foot or instep.

Muay Thai also includes other varieties of kicking, such as the axe kick, side kick or spinning back kick etc. These kicks, are only used in bouts by some fighters. It is worth noting that a side kick is performed differently in Muay Thai than the traditional side kick of other martial arts. In Muay Thai, a side kick is executed by first raising the knee of the leg that is going to kick in order to convince the opponent that the executor is going to perform a teep or front kick. The hips are then shifted to the side to the more traditional side kick position for the kick itself. The "fake-out" almost always precedes the kick in Muay Thai technique.

[edit] Knee techniques (Tee kao)[7]
English Thai Transliteration
Straight Knee Strike Kao Trong
Diagonal Knee Strike Kao Chiang
Curving Knee Strike Kao Kong
Horizontal Knee Strike Kao Tud
Knee Slap Kao Tob
Knee Bomb Kao Youwn
Flying Knee Strike Kao Loi
Step-Up Knee Strike Kao Yiep

* Kao Dode (Jumping knee strike) - the Thai boxer jumps up on one leg and strikes with that leg's knee.
* Kao Loi (Flying knee strike) - the Thai boxer takes step(s), jumps forward and off one leg and strikes with that leg's knee.
* Kao Tone (Straight knee strike) - the Thai boxer simply thrusts it forward (not upwards, unless he is holding an opponents head down in a clinch and intend to knee upwards into the face). According to one written source, this technique is somewhat more recent than Kao Dode or Kao Loi.[citation needed] Supposedly, when the Thai boxers fought with rope-bound hands rather than the modern boxing gloves, this particular technique was subject to potentially vicious cutting, slicing and sawing by an alert opponent who would block it or deflect it with the sharp "rope-glove" edges which are sometimes dipped in water to make the rope much stronger. This explanation also holds true for some of the following knee strikes below as well.

The clinch version of this move was scientifically proven recently to be the strongest blow using the legs in martial arts. The test subject delivered the strike to a high-tech dummy. On a person the blow would have fragmented the ribs, caused two inches of chest compression, and caused severe internal bleeding in the organs.

* Kao Noi (Small knee strike) - the Thai boxer hits the inside upper thigh (above the knee) of the opponent when clinching. This technique is used to wear down the opponent or to counter the opponent's knee strike or kick.

[edit] Foot-thrust techniques (teep)

Foot-Thrusts also known as Push Kicks or literally "foot jabs" are one of the most common techniques used in Muay Thai. Teeps are different from any other Muay Thai technique in terms of objective to use. Foot-thrusts are mainly used as a defensive technique to block opponent's attacks, and get an opponent off balance. Foot-Thrusts should be thrown quickly but yet with enough force to knock an opponent off balance.[8]
English Thai Transliteration IPA
Straight Foot-Thrust Teep Trong
Sideways Foot-Thrust Teep Kang
Reverse Foot-Thrust Teep Glub Lang
Slapping Foot-Thrust Teep Tob
Jumping Foot-Thrust ก Gra-dode Teep

[edit] The clinch

In Western Boxing the two fighters are separated when they clinch; in Muay Thai, however, they are not. It is often in the clinch where knee and elbow techniques are used. The front clinch should be performed with the palm of one hand on the back of the other. There are three reasons why the fingers must not be intertwined. 1) In the ring fighters are wearing boxing gloves and cannot intertwine their fingers. 2) The Thai front clinch involves pressing the head of the opponent downwards, which is easier if the hands are locked behind the back of the head instead of behind the neck.

Muay Thai has several other variants of the clinch, including:

* arm clinch, where one or both hands controls the inside of the defender's arm(s) and where the second hand if free is in the front clinch position, this clinch is used to briefly control the opponent before applying a knee strike or throw
* side clinch, one arm passing around the front of the defender with the attacker's shoulder pressed into the defender's arm pit and the other arm passing round the back which allows the attacker to apply knee strikes to the defender's back or to throw the defender readily
* low clinch, with both controlling arms passing under the defender's arms, which is generally used by the shorter of two opponents
* swan-neck where one hand around the rear of the neck is used to briefly clinch an opponent (before a strike).[citation needed]

[edit] Defense against attacks

Defenses in Muay Thai are categorised in 6 groups:

* Blocking - defender's hard blocks to stop a strike in its path so preventing it reaching its target, (eg the Shin Block described in more detail below)

* Redirection - defender's soft parries to change the direction of a strike (eg a downwards tap to a jab) so that it misses the target

* Avoidance - moving a body part out of the way or range of a strike so the defender remains in range for a counter-strike, eg defender moving the front leg backwards from the attacker's low kick: then immediately counter-attacking with an angle kick: or defender laying the head back from the attacker's high angle kick: then immediately counter-attacking with a side kick from the front leg:

* Evasion - moving the body out of the way or range of a strike so the defender has to move close again to counter-attack, eg defender jumping back from attacker's kicks

* Disruption - Pre-empting an attack. eg with defender using disruptive techniques like jab, teep or low angle kick (to the inside of the attacker's front leg) as the attacker attempts to close distance

* Anticipation - Defender catching a strike (eg catching an angle kick to the body) or countering it before it lands (eg defender's low kick to the supporting leg below as the attacker iniates a high angle kick).

[edit] Defense against attacks — punches and kicks

Defensively, the concept of "wall of defence" is used, in which shoulders, arms and legs are used to hinder the attacker from successfully executing techniques. Blocking is a critical element in Muay Thai and compounds the level of conditioning a successful practitioner must possess. Low and mid body roundhouse kicks are normally blocked with the upper portion of a raised shin. High body strikes are blocked with the forearm/glove, elbow/shin. Mid section roundhouse kicks can also be caught/trapped, allowing for a sweep or counter attack to the remaining leg of the opponent. Punches are blocked with an ordinary boxing guard and techniques similar, if not identical, to basic boxing technique. A common means of blocking a punch is using the hand on the same side as the oncoming punch. For example, if an orthodox fighter throws a jab (being the left hand), the defender will make a slight tap to redirect the punch's angle with the right hand. The deflection is always as small and precise as possible to avoid unnecessary energy expenditure and return the hand to the guard as quickly as possible. Hooks are most often blocked with a motion most often described as "combing your hair," raising the elbow forward and effectively shielding the head with the forearm, flexed biceps, and shoulder. More advanced Muay Thai blocks are usually counters, used to damage the opponent to prevent another attack being made.

Conditioning
A fighter doing some heavy bag work in a training camp in Thailand.
A fighter doing some heavy bag work in a training camp in Thailand.

Like most competitive full contact fighting sports, Muay Thai has a heavy focus on body conditioning. Muay Thai is specifically designed to promote the level of fitness and toughness required for ring competition. Training regimens include many staples of combat sport conditioning such as running, shadowboxing, rope jumping, body weight resistance exercises, medicine ball exercises, abdominal exercises, and in some cases weight training.

Scoring

The standard scoring practice is as follows :

A: A strike either by a punch, kick, knee or elbow.

1. Scoring from a strike:

1.1. Points will be awarded for a correct Thai Boxing style, combined with hard and accurate strikes.

1.2. Points will be awarded for aggressive and dominating Muay Thai skill.

1.3. Points will be awarded for a fighter actively dominating his opponent.

1.4. Points will be awarded for the use of a traditional Thai style of defense and counter-attack.

1.5. Points will be deducted from a boxer who fouls or breaks the rules.

2. Non scoring strikes:

2.1. A strike which is against the rules.

2.2. A strike in defense against the leg or arm of an opponent.

2.3. A weak strike.

B. Fouls.

1. The judges will deduct points for any foul as directed by the referee.

2. Any foul observed by the judges but not by the referee, will be penalized accordingly.

C. Method Of Scoring

1. The maximum score for each round is 10 points, the loser scoring either 9, 8 or 7.

2. A drawn round will be scored as 10 points for both boxers.

3. The winner and loser in an indecisive round, will score 10:9 respectively.

4. The winner and loser in a decisive round will score 10:8 respectively.

5. The winner and loser in an indecisive round with a single count, will score 10:8 respectively.

6. The winner and loser in a decisive round with a single count, will score 10:7 respectively.

7. The boxer scoring 2 counts against his opponent will score 10:7.

8. Any boxer who commits a foul will have points deducted from his score.

[edit] Fouls

18.1. Biting, eye gouging, spitting, or head butting.

18.2. Wrestling, back or arm locks or any similar judo or wrestling hold.

18.3. Deliberately falling on his opponent.

18.4. Holding the ropes for any reason.

18.5. Swearing or the use of abusive language during the match.

18.6. Knocking out or injuring his opponent after the referee has ordered the match to stop for any reason.

18.7. Deliberately striking the groin area.

To be penalized by the deduction of 1 point for each time committed.

A boxer who has been hit in the groin may request a 5 minute break before continuing the match.



5. Kung fu.:Martial arts and morality

Traditional Chinese schools of martial arts, such as the famed Shaolin monks, often dealt with the study of martial arts not just as a means of self-defense or mental training, but as a system of ethics.[51][52] Wude can be translated as "martial morality" and is constructed from two Chinese characters, "wu" which means martial and "de" which means morality. Wude deals with two aspects; "morality of deed" and "morality of mind". Morality of deed concerns social relations; morality of mind is meant to cultivate the inner harmony between the emotional mind (Xin,) and the wisdom mind (Hui, . The ultimate goal is reaching no extremity (Wuji, (closely related to the Taoist concept of wu wei), where both wisdom & emotions are in harmony with each other.

* Morality of deed
o Humility (Qian Xu;)
o Loyalty (Zhong Cheng;
o Respect (Zun Jing;
o Righteousness (Zheng Yi;
o Trust (Xin Yong;
* Morality of mind
o Courage (Yong Gan;
o Endurance (Ren Nai;
o Patience (Heng Xin;
o Perseverance (Yi Li;
o Will (Yi Zhi;
Use of qi

Main article: Qigong

The concept of qì or ch'i), the inner energy or "life force" that is said to animate living beings, is encountered in almost all styles of Chinese martial art.[53] Internal styles are reputed to cultivate its use differently than external styles.

One's qi can be improved and strengthened through the regular practice of various physical and mental exercises known as qigong. Though qigong is not a martial art itself, it is often incorporated in Chinese martial arts and, thus, practiced as an integral part to strengthen one's internal abilities.

There are many ideas regarding controlling one's qi energy to such an extent that it can be used for healing oneself or others: the goal of medical qigong. Some styles believe in focusing qi into a single point when attacking and aim at specific areas of the human body. Such techniques are known as Dim Mak and have principles that are similar to acupressure.[54]

Kung fu and wushu are popular terms that have become synonymous with Chinese martial arts. However the Chinese terms kung fu (Chinese: pinyin: gōngfū) and wushu (traditional Chinese: ; simplified Chinese:; pinyin: wǔshù) have very different meanings. Wushu can describe greatly varying martial arts traditions. Kung fu can be used in a context without any martial arts whatsoever. Colloquially, kung fu (or gung fu) alludes to any individual accomplishment or cultivated skill obtained by long and hard work. In contrast, wushu is a more precise term that refers to general martial activities. The term wushu has also become the name for a modern sport similar to gymnastics involving the performance of adapted Chinese bare-handed and weapons forms (tàolù ) judged to a set of contemporary aesthetic criteria for points.

History
Ancient depiction of martial monks practicing the art of self defense.
Ancient depiction of martial monks practicing the art of self defense.

The origins of Chinese martial arts are traced to self-defense needs, hunting activities and military training in ancient China. Hand to hand combat and weapons practice were important components in the training of Chinese soldiers.[1][2][3] From this beginning, Chinese martial arts proceeded to incorporate different philosophies and ideas into its practice—expanding its purpose from self-defense to health maintenance and finally as method of self cultivation. In return, influence of martial arts ideals can be found in poetry, fiction, and film. Chinese martial arts are now an integral element of Chinese culture.

Styles

Main article: Styles of Chinese martial arts
See also: List of Chinese martial arts

The Yang style of Taijiquan being practiced on the Bund in Shanghai
The Yang style of Taijiquan being practiced on the Bund in Shanghai

China has one of the longest histories of continuously recorded martial arts tradition of any society in the world, and with hundreds of styles probably the most varied. Over the past two to four thousand years, many distinctive styles have been developed, each with its own set of techniques and ideas.[28] There are also common themes to the different styles, which are often classified by "families" (, jiā), "sects" (, pai) or "schools" (, men) of martial art styles. There are styles that mimic movements from animals and others that gather inspiration from various Chinese philosophies, myths and legends. Some styles put most of their focus into the harnessing of qi energy, while others concentrate solely on competition and exhibition. Each style offers a different approach to the common problems of self-defense, health and self-cultivation.

Training

Chinese martial arts training consists of the following components: basics, forms, applications and weapons. Each style has its own unique training system with varying emphasis on each of those components.[31] In addition, philosophy, ethics and even medical practise[32] are highly regarded by most Chinese martial arts. A complete training system should also provide insight into Chinese attitudes and culture.

[edit] Basics

Basics () are a vital part of the training, as a student cannot progress to the more advanced stages without them; without strong and flexible muscles including the management of the concept of "Chi" (breath, or energy) and proper body mechanics, many movements of Chinese martial arts are simply impossible to perform correctly.[33][34] Basics training may involve a series of simple movements that are performed repeatedly over a short interval; examples of basics training include stretching, stance work, rudimentary conditioning, meditation and basic kicking and punching techniques.

A common saying concerning basic training in Chinese martial arts is as follows:[35]



Which can be translated as

Train both Internal and External. External training includes the hands, the eyes, the body and stances. Internal training includes the heart, the spirit, the mind, breathing and strength.

[edit] Stances

Stances (steps or ) are structural postures employed in Chinese martial arts training.[36][37] They represent the foundation and exaggerated form of a fighter's base. Each style has different names and variations for each stance. Stances may be differentiated by foot position, weight distribution, body alignment, etc. Stance training can be practiced statically, the goal of which is to maintain the structure of the stance through a set time period, or dynamically, in which case a series of movements is performed repeatedly. The horse riding stance qí mǎ bù,mǎ bù) and the bow stance are examples of a stances found in many styles of Chinese martial arts.

[edit] Meditation

In many Chinese Martial Art systems, meditation is considered to be an important component of basic training. Meditation can be used to develop focus, mental clarity and can act as a basis for qigong training.[38][39]

[edit] Forms

Forms or taolu (Chinese: ; pinyin: tào lù) in Chinese are series of predetermined movements combined so they can be practiced as one linear set of movements. Forms were originally intended to preserve the lineage of a particular style branch, and were often taught to advanced students who were selected to preserve the art's lineage. Forms were designed to contain both literal, representative and exercise-oriented forms of applicable techniques which would be extracted, tested and trained by students through sparring sessions.[40]

Many believe that Kung Fu form needs to be both practical, usable, and applicable as well as promoting flow, meditation, flexibility, balance and coordination. Often kung fu teachers are heard to say "train your form as if you were sparring and spar as if it were a form."

[edit] Types of Forms

There are two general types of forms in Chinese Martial Arts. Most common are "solo forms" which are performed by a single student. There are also "sparring" forms, which are choreographed fighting sets performed by two or more people. Sparring forms were designed both to acquaint beginning fighters with basic measures and concepts of combat, and to serve as performance pieces for the school. Sparring forms which utilize weapons are especially useful for teaching students the extension, range and technique required to manage a weapon. Today many styles of Kung Fu, as well as styles of Wushu, consider forms to be one of the most important practices in Chinese Martial Arts. Traditionally, forms played a smaller role in training combat application, and were eclipsed by sparring, drilling and conditioning. Forms gradually build up a practitioner's flexibility, internal and external strength, speed and stamina, and teach balance and coordination. Many styles contain forms using a wide range of weapons of various length and type, utilizing one or two hands. There are also styles which focus on a certain type of weapon.

Controversy of Modern Form Work
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Even though forms in Chinese martial arts are intended to depict realistic martial techniques, the movements are not always identical to how techniques would be applied in combat. Many forms have been elaborated upon, on the one hand to provide better combat preparedness, and on the other hand to look more aesthetically pleasing. One manifestation of this tendency toward elaboration which goes beyond combat application is the use of lower stances and higher, stretching kicks. These two maneuvers are unrealistic in combat and are utilized in forms for exercise purposes.[citation needed] Many modern schools have replaced practical defense or offense movements with acrobatic feats that are more spectacular to watch, thereby gaining favor during exhibitions and competitions.[41] This has led to criticisms by traditionalists for endorsing the more acrobatic, show-oriented Wushu competition.[citation needed]

Appearance has always been important in many traditional forms as well; forms were often performed for entertainment purposes long before the advent of modern Wushu. Throughout the history of Chinese Martial Arts, practitioners have looked for supplementary income by performing on the streets or in theaters.

Modern Forms: Wushu
Modern forms are used in sport wushu, as seen in this staff routine
Modern forms are used in sport wushu, as seen in this staff routine

See also: Wushu (sport)

As forms have grown in complexity and quantity over the years, and many forms alone could be practiced for a lifetime, styles of modern Chinese martial arts have developed that concentrate solely on forms, and do not practice application at all. These styles are primarily aimed at exhibition and competition, and often include more acrobatic jumps and movements added for enhanced visual effect[42] compared to the traditional styles. Those who generally prefer to practice traditional styles, focused less on exhibition, are often referred to as traditionalists. Many traditionalists consider the evolution of today's Chinese martial arts as undesirable, saying that much of its original value is lost.

[edit] Application

Application training refers to the training of putting the martial techniques to use. Chinese martial arts usually contain a large arsenal of techniques and make use of the whole body; efficiency and effectiveness is what the techniques are based on.[43][44][45] When and how applications are taught varies from style to style; in the early stages of a student's training, most styles focus on drills in which each student knows what range of combat is being practiced and what attack to expect. Gradually, fewer and fewer rules are applied, and the students learn how to react and utilize technique. 'Sparring' refers to the major aspect of application training, which simulates a combat situation but usually includes rules and regulations to reduce the chance of serious injury to the students.

eapons training

Most Chinese styles also make use of training the broad arsenal of Chinese weapons for conditioning the body as well as coordination and strategy drills.[49] Weapons training (qìxiè ) are generally carried out after the student is proficient in the basics, forms and applications training. The basic theory for weapons training is to consider the weapon as an extension of your body. The same requirements for footwork and body coordination is required[50] The process of weapon training proceed with forms, forms with partners and then applications. Most systems have training methods for each of the Eighteen Arms of Wushu (shíbābānbīngqì ) in addition to specialized instruments specific to the system.

I liked:
Weapon less.
Long Stic.
Sword.
Umbrella.
Double stick.

From
Dinadevan
With Love
09895510906
0471-3295469
Address: 'Gurunirmalam' , Santhigiri P O, TVM-695589
Official Website: www.dinadevan.com

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTE : The information in this e-mail is confidential and privileged; it is intended for use solely by the individual or entity named as the recipient hereof. Disclosure,copying, distribution, or use of the contents of this e-mail by persons other than the intended recipient is strictly prohibited and may violate applicable laws. If you have received this e-mail in error, please delete the original message and notify us by return email or collect call immediately. Thank you. www.dinadevan.com

Poem 1...

Gurucharanam Saranam

God

My Lovable Situations...Coming Soon..

Gurucharanam Saranam

1. Sornakani.
2. Dinadevan, my name-story.
3. My Watch-story.[Black watch].
4. THE GOLD-RING story.
5. Kirikket Story from God.
6. Rajyapuraskar Award from Kerala Governor[Sukhdev Sing Kang.]
7. Crab collection.
8. Fishing.
9. Sat-Statue Game [Kottakkal].
10. MDRT.
11. 2nd Youngest Kerala.
12. Home-story.
13. Lap-top story.
14. Office story.
15. A Love-story.
16. Re-union of Class 1 after 12 yrs.
17. Anathara school.
18. My own first drama.
19. My theft.
20. + 2 Class Leader.
21. Vysagha Pournamiyo...
22. Vidaran Kazhiyatha...
23. Action 4th
24. Action Bettan Home 2nd
25. Action Bettan Home 2nd.
26. Action 6th Edarikode.
27. Action Bettan 7th.
28. Action 8th PKMMHS.
29. Action +1.
30. Actions +2.
31. Action Vimal.
32. Action Attingal.
33. NCC Firing.
34. Scouting days.
35. My Pond.
36.
37.

Places i see Good ....

Gurucharanam Saranam

1. Neyyar Dam.
2. Shimla.
3. Agasthyar Koodam.
4. Kalka Shimla Train journey-places.
5. Ootty.
6. Kanyakumari.
7. Maruthva Mala.
8. Vellanikkal Para.
9. 25 Acres.
10. Ponmudi.
11. Batheri.
12. Meenmutty.
13.
14.

How to become RICH !!!

Gurucharanam Saranam

Dear.,
Rich in Mind, Body, Spirit and Money also included:
The world is full of opportunities. We only want one thing that is acceptance. We should accept all. Richness is a state of mind that we can fix ourselves. It may sometimes go wrong but we should regain it immediately that is the success one can make in his life by himself.
Any one in the world can any time can be rich:
1. Think about the world.
2. Never be disturbed in any situation.
3. Be in a system and that should consist of Prayer, Sankalappa, Karmam, Samarpanam, Revolution, Thinking and all other usual activities of a good-common man.
4. See 'Work as Worship'.
5. See these as dangers- Selfishness, Greed, 'I'.
6. Respect all. See all as God's children.
7. See 1000s of things and study from those.
8. Develop our skills naturally.
9. Know that, there is lot of bad things in the world and at the same time good things. Try to do always more and more good things.
10. Know yourself that, whatever we do, God is seeing it every now and then.

This is what i like to say to my world. Keep going good and more good. Always journey towards the Truth, that itself is the God.

From Dd with Love.

Health!!!

Gurucharanam Saranam

Health is:

1. Good mind set.
2. Good Body.
3. Good Spirit.

1. Correct Heat of the body.
2. Correct functioning of Mind.
3. Correct need for food. fatigue.
4. Correct need for sleep and getting good sleep.
5. Correct Secretions at correct timing.[Sweat,tears,etc etc]7.
6. Correct functioning of body.
7. Correct functioning of respiratory system and all other systems in the body.

From Dd with Love.